The Ibadi position on Uthman ibn Affan, may God be pleased with him
- Prof. Saleh Derbash Azzahrani
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The Ibadis have a hardline stance against the Rightly-Guided Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him). They advocate rebellion against him and his murder, relying on some flimsy arguments that are countered by stronger claims about his virtues. However, in the modern era, they advocate silence regarding those events and turning the page on them. When Uthman is mentioned, they do not express their sympathy for him or support him. Rather, they disavow him for his injustice, immorality, and, they claim, even his disbelief. They describe him as an imam in some of their books and hold some of his narrations and fatwas in high regard. This position appears contradictory on the surface, since how can you accept the narrations and fatwas of an immoral or disbelieving person?, This research aims to clarify the truth of their stance on Uthman. Was it the same across the generations? Or did their stance change in later eras? And if they did express a change in their stance, was it based on conviction and belief? Or was it a matter imposed by the interests of keeping up with the vast majority of the Ummah by disavowing the heinousness of what their predecessors had adopted?, The study concluded that their position on this matter had not fundamentally changed. To arrive at this conclusion, an inductive and analytical approach was used to examine their texts on this matter. The study thus consists of an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. Keywords: Ibadis, Uthman, Companions.
The term People of the Book in the Holy Quran, its importance, significance, characteristics, and contents
- Dr. Musa bin Aqili bin Ahmed Al-Shaikhi
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The Holy Quran was distinguished by addressing the discourse to many categories of people of religions, the most important of which was: the discourse directed to the Jews and Christians, whom the Quran called the People of the Book. This research came to address this topic, The research included a statement of the importance of addressing the People of the Book, the significance of this term, its importance, and its contents, and came under four topics: First: The importance of addressing the People of the Book, its significance, and characteristics. Second: Doctrinal contents in the Quran's discourse to the People of the Book. Third: Practical and behavioral contents, and fourth: Faith and advocacy contents, The researcher used the descriptive, inductive, and analytical approach, then concluded the research with a conclusion that included the most important results and recommendations, and an index of references and topics, Among the most important results reached by the research: The researcher saw the importance that the Quran gave to addressing the People of the Book, The Qur’anic discourse to the People of the Book is distinguished by many characteristics that distinguish it from other types of discourse, The Qur’anic discourse to the People of the Book is distinguished by an important content that revolves between the aspects of belief, action and behavior, faith and advocacy, which forms an integrated thematic unit. Keywords: Discourse, Qur’anic, People of the Book, Contents, Characteristics
The Manufacturer's Liability for Product Safety under the Saudi Product Safety Law: A Comparative Analysis"
- Dr. Ahmed Abdullah Sufran
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The Product Safety Law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aims to protect the consumer by preventing risks associated with products that are placed or displayed in the Kingdom's markets, This research seeks to explore the extent to which this Law achieves its objectives and the scope of legal protection it affords the consumer against the Economic Operator classified as a merchant, and the effect of such classification on the establishment and extent of liability. It also identifies the types of liability arising from hazardous products, their constituent elements (pillars), and the extent to which the Law encompasses them, The research follows the descriptive-analytical methodology, by presenting and describing the content of the Law, and then analyzing it in light of the rules of legal liability, as well as the conclusions reached by the judiciary and legislation in other countries, The research concluded that the Product Safety Law focuses on risk prevention through administrative liability arising from the commission of administrative violations, while it addresses criminal liability briefly and civil liability indirectly, The research recommends detailing the penalties related to criminal liability to be commensurate with the types of crimes related to product safety and the magnitude of the harm that may result from them. It also recommends stipulating that the establishment of criminal or administrative liability does not preclude the injured party's right to file a civil liability claim. Keywords: Merchant's Liability, Effect of Merchant Status, Product Safety, Consumer Protection.
Time in modern physics and its relationship to the concept of eternity and perpetuity in Islamic doctrine: A comparative doctrinal study
- Dr. Abdulrahman bin Ali Ahmed Al-Zahrani
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The research revolves around time and its concept in modern physics and its relationship to the concept of eternity and everlastingness in the doctrine of the Sunnis and the community. The research shows that time can be used as evidence of the Creator, glory be to Him, and that eternity is not a limited time, but rather an expression of past permanence. The name “eternity” only applies to that which has no beginning or end. Eternal is that which has no beginning, whether it is existential or non-existent. Everything ancient is eternal, but not vice versa. Likewise, eternity is nothing but the continuation of existence in infinite, predetermined times in the future. The eternal is that which continues to exist. The research was organized into an introduction, a preface, and two chapters. The first chapter dealt with the concept of eternity and perpetuity in the Islamic faith, and the second chapter dealt with time between the theory of relativity and the doctrinal and legal position on the concept of relativity. The research reached a number of results, including: “That all scientific interpretations “It is only speculation without any legal evidence, because these scientific theories, no matter how advanced they are, are ultimately human works that are subject to error and change, and their owners may also retract them or some parts of them. So linking this to the unseen is speculation without knowledge.” The study finally recommended not to occupy the public with such precise scientific matters. Let us leave them to their firm and deep faith. This matter should be confined to research halls and university corridors, so that the minds of the common people are not disturbed by what they do not understand, which might cause confusion in their faith and related matters. Keywords: Epistemology, Transmission, Sharia's Aims, Reason, Cognitive Integration, Conflict- Human.
The impact of faith in building The Muslim Personality
- Dr. Omar Mohamed Al-Omar
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The research dealt with "The impact of faith in building The Muslim Personality" and the importance of the research lies in building Muslim personality and acquiring the elements of progress and positivity through the Holy Quran, as it highlights the best methods that would evaluate the distortion of some personalities who have deviated from Methodology. Hence the need to build the Muslim personality with clear features, on a solid foundation, which is the Holy Quran, and the extent of its influence and formation in building the personality, as Islam shows the highest image and the ideal role model for a personality that has been adorned with the Book of its Creator, and adhered to it until the effect of that Holy Book appeared on it; so it became surrounded by a doctrinal fence that protects it from error, I divided the research into an introduction and a preface. The preface dealt with the research terms, study and authentication, and the first topic dealt with the features of the Muslim personality, and the second topic: the Quran's approach to building the Muslim personality, and concluded with the third topic, which dealt with: the role of faith in building the Muslim personality with its three answers: the moral, devotional and intellectual aspects, Through this research on the Muslim personality and its contemplation of the Qur’an and its effect on its construction, we obtain the following results: The Holy Qur’an’s approach to building the Muslim personality requires starting with building the intellectual aspect, due to its importance in forming the Islamic mentality, and it is considered a unit of measurement by which the Muslim measures right from wrong. Also, one of the foundations of building the Muslim personality is the devotional aspect, through which insight is enlightened and his face is illuminated, and worship is the food of the soul, the happiness of the soul, and the joy of the heart, and servitude to God is one of the effects of being influenced by the doctrinal aspect. Keywords: Personality, Doctrine, Methodology, Intellectual, Moral.
Fear of Artificial Intelligence and Its Relationship to Technophobia among University Students
- Dr. Mohammed Hassan Yahya Al-Zubaidi
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of artificial intelligence (AI) and technophobia among university students. The sample consisted of 250 male and female students from various colleges and disciplines, selected through random sampling. The descriptive method was employed in conducting this study, A scale measuring fear of artificial intelligence, developed by the researcher, was utilized. The findings revealed a significant correlation between fear of AI and technophobia. Moreover, the results indicated gender differences, with females reporting higher levels of fear of AI than males. In addition, the results showed a significant difference in favor of older students regarding fear of AI, The study provided several recommendations, most notably the importance of raising awareness and enhancing education by organizing training courses and seminars on the applications of AI, as well as establishing regulations and policies that govern AI practices—whether in programming digital applications and websites or in ensuring safe usage by individuals and institutions. Keywords: Fear of artificial intelligence, Technophobia.
The Degree of Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Teaching Listening Skills in the English Language Curriculum for Secondary School Female Teachers
- Dr. Eman Tareg Saleh Rayes
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The study aimed to identify the degree of using artificial intelligence techniques in teaching listening skills in the English language curriculum for secondary school female teachers. The study adopted a descriptive approach, and the questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The study sample consisted of 332 English language teachers for the secondary stage in Makkah Al-Mukarrama city. The study's results revealed that the importance of using artificial intelligence techniques in teaching the listening skill in the English language curriculum for secondary school teachers was rated as "high" with a mean of 3.81. The degree of using artificial intelligence techniques in teaching the listening skill was rated as "moderate" with a mean of 3.10. The challenges faced by secondary school teachers when using artificial intelligence techniques in teaching the listening skill were rated as "highly agreed" with a mean of 3.92. The study also showed significant statistical differences at a significance level of (α ≤ 0.05) between the mean responses of the study sample regarding the use of artificial intelligence techniques in teaching the listening skill in the English language curriculum for secondary school teachers, attributed to the study variables. The study recommended focusing on the effective use of artificial intelligence techniques in teaching the listening skill in the English language curriculum to provide an active learning environment that contributes to significant progress in learning this essential skill Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Listening skills, Teaching English language, The Challenge, Female Teacher, Secondary School.
The extent to which the Requirements of the Knowledge Economy are met in Teaching Arabic from the Perspectives of at the Secondary Level Teachers in the Al-Baha Region
- Dr. Raniyah bint Fawaz Al-luhaybi
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The study aimed to determine the extent to which the requirements of the knowledge economy are met in teaching Arabic at the secondary level from the perspectives of teachers in the Al-Baha region. The study adopted a descriptive survey approach and collected data using a questionnaire consisting of four domains: objectives, content, instructional activities, and assessment methods. The study population included 253 male and female teachers, with 178 respondents participating. The results revealed that the overall extent to which knowledge economy requirements are met in teaching Arabic was moderate. Similarly, the domains of objectives, instructional activities, and assessment methods were rated as moderate, while the content domain was rated high. Additionally, the results showed statistically significant differences in the objectives domain based on gender, favoring female teachers, and significant differences in the assessment methods domain based on educational qualification, favoring those with postgraduate degrees. However, no statistically significant differences were found based on years of teaching experience. The study recommended enhancing the formulation of Arabic language teaching objectives to make them more flexible and aligned with knowledge economy requirements, enriching educational content with activities and tasks that encourage students to utilize modern technologies in learning Arabic, designing interactive instructional activities based on practical and experiential learning, and continuously developing and diversifying Arabic language assessment tools by incorporating modern evaluation techniques. Keywords: Knowledge Economy, Arabic Language, Secondary Level.
Smartphone Addiction and Its' Relationship with Academic Procrastination among Education Collage Students at ALBaha University.
- Dr. Mohammad Ahmad Hassan AL-Sharfi
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of smartphone addiction and academic procrastination and correlation between them among Education Collage students at ALBaha University. The sample was selected by stratified random sample and reached to 285 (133 mal and 152 female) with mean of age 19.29 and stander deviation 1.09. Smartphone Addiction Scale and Academic Procrastination Scale were the instruments of study which developed by the researcher. The results were showed that percentage of smartphone addiction and academic procrastination were below average 39.5% - 46.8% among the study sample, also there were significant correlation between smartphone addiction and academic procrastination. In addition, there were no differences between male and female in smartphone addiction and academic procrastination. Finally academic procrastination can be predicted by smartphone addiction. The study recommended to provide preventive and therapeutic counseling to acquire self-regulation and self-control skills to the students. Keywords: Addiction, Smartphone, Academic Procrastination, University Students.
The Effectiveness of Collaborative Learning Tools in Developing Engagement and Academic Achievement in E-Learning Environments at Al -Baha University
- Dr. Khaled Ghanem Hamdan Al-Shehri
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of collaborative learning tools in e-learning environments, specifically through the Blackboard platform, in enhancing academic engagement and academic achievement among Graphic Design Diploma’s students at Al-Baha University. The study employed a quasi-experimental methodology based on the equivalent groups design (experimental and control), with a total sample of 30 students equally distributed between the two groups. The study tools included an academic engagement scale, an achievement test, and a training program based on collaborative learning tools (forums, blogs, wikis, and collaborative groups) via the Blackboard platform—all developed by the researcher. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the pre- and post-measurements in favour of the experimental group in terms of academic engagement and academic achievement. This indicates the effectiveness of using collaborative learning tools in fostering students’ cognitive, emotional, and social involvement and improving their academic performance. The results also showed the persistence of the effect after the end of the program, reflecting the potential of these tools to bring about sustainable educational changes. The study recommends the systematic integration of collaborative learning tools into the design of e-courses, training faculty members on their effective use, and creating interactive learning environments that support collaborative work and take into account individual differences among students, thereby enhancing the quality of e-learning in higher education institutions. Keywords: Collaborative learning tools, academic engagement, academic achievement, e-learning environments.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence Applications and Its Relationship with Critical Thinking Among a Sample of Al-Baha University Students
- Dr. Jehan Jamal Alomair
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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The study aimed to explore the reality of AI application use among students at Al Baha University, examine the relationship between the use of these applications and the development of critical thinking skills, and identify statistical differences in both variables based on gender (males, females). It also explored the possibility of predicting critical thinking scores based on the level of AI application use. The study adopted a descriptive (correlational-comparative) approach, given its suitability for its objectives. The study was applied to a sample of (185) male and female students at Al Baha University. The results showed that the level of AI application use among students was average. There was also a statistically significant positive correlation between the use of smart applications and critical thinking, in addition to statistically significant differences in the level of application use in favor of males and differences in critical thinking in favor of females. The results also demonstrated the possibility of predicting critical thinking scores based on the level of AI application use. The study recommended the development of training programs to enhance the use of these applications and integrate them into curricula to support the development of critical thinking. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, smart applications, use of educational technology, critical thinking, higher-order thinking skills, university education.
Alexei Gurovsky's Perspective on the Catholic Church's Position Regarding Muslim-Christian Dialogue: A Critical Analytical Reading
- Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim Mohammed Samh Asiri
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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This study examines Alexei Goravsky's perspective on the Catholic Church's position regarding Islamic-Christian dialogue, highlighting the transformations the Church underwent after the Second Vatican Council, which marked a pivotal shift in its relations with other religions, including Islam. The study analyzes the theological and social dimensions Goravsky emphasized in understanding this dialogue, illustrating the transition of Catholic theology from rigidity and exclusivism to pluralism and openness, reflecting a qualitative change in the Church's approach to the world, The study aims to achieve three main objectives: first, to clarify how Goravsky presented the issue of Islamic-Christian dialogue; second, to highlight the theological and social dimensions in his analysis of the Church's stance; and third, to offer a critical reading of his vision by examining its strengths and weaknesses. The study employs analytical, critical, and descriptive methodologies to understand the texts and evaluate their novelty in comparison to works by other theologians and thinkers, The research is expected to reveal the depth of Goravsky's analysis and his contribution to Islamic-Christian dialogue while predicting the significance of the Second Vatican Council in reinforcing shared values among religions and its role in overcoming the elitist nature of dialogue, The research concluded with several key findings, most notably that the critique of Joravsky’s approach reveals a lack of balance in addressing both sides and a neglect of the Islamic dimension, in addition to the elitist and theoretical nature of the dialogue without practical solutions. It also highlights the need to address the major theological differences and clarify the implications of employing dialogue for proselytization to ensure a genuine exchange based on mutual respect. Keywords: Islamic-Christian dialogue, Second Vatican Council, Catholic Church, Alexei Goravsky.
Technology Use and Its Influence on Handwriting Skills: An Exploratory Study among Saudi EFL Undergraduate Students
- Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim Alsalami Dr. Abdelaziz Mohammed
- Reseived: Received in Revised Form: Accepted:
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This study examined the relationship between technology use and handwriting performance among university students in Saudi Arabia. Two sets of data were collected. First, a questionnaire was completed by 122 students in the English Language Program within the Department of Foreign Languages at Al-Baha University. Most students (86.1%) reported using digital devices “always” or “often” for study, while 90.2% said they “rarely” or “never” handwrite. Technology use was strongly correlated with the number of hours spent typing (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Handwriting frequency showed a positive link with GPA (r = 0.25, p = 0.005), suggesting that students who handwrite more often achieve slightly higher grades. Logistic regression confirmed that higher GPA reduced the odds of “never handwriting” (OR = 0.247, p = 0.013). Second, an experiment was conducted with 40 students divided into two groups (20 control, 20 experimental). At baseline, the two groups had similar handwriting scores (means = 14.99 vs. 15.09, p = 0.79). After one semester, the experimental group, which completed 70% of tasks by hand, scored significantly higher on the post-test (mean = 26.14) than the control group (mean = 16.62), a huge and statistically significant difference (t = -31.28, p < 0.0001). Both groups improved, but the experimental group’s gain (≈11 points) was far greater than the control group’s (≈1.6 points). Overall, the findings suggest that while students rely heavily on technology, regular handwriting practice can lead to clear improvements in fluency and writing quality. However, the huge effects and potential rater bias suggest that further studies with stricter methods are necessary. Keywords: Handwriting, Technology use, EFL students, Quasi-Experimental Design, Digital Literacy.
